Present Participle
Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2
Present Participle
Definition Participle
Participle is a word that is generally formed by combining the base form of verb (bare infinitive) with suffix ("akhiran") -ing at present participle or with -ed or -d in past participle in regular verb and inconsistent in irregular verb.
Example Verb Form :
Present participle : swimming & learning (suffix ("akhiran") -ing at present participle).
Past Participle : swum (inconsistent forms in irregular verb), learned (-ed or -d in past participle).
Participle Use
Basically participle is used as verb and verbal.
As a verb, present participle is used together with the auxiliary verb to form (perfect) continuous tense and passive voice on continuous tense; whereas in past participle to form perfect (continuous) tense and passive voice.
Example of Participle as Verb :
Passive - perfect tense : He has been workerd.
Passive - continuouse tense : The report is being typed. Being = present participle from verb 'be'.
As verbal, participle functions as an adjective. It's called participial adjective. Verbal is a word formed from verb that functions as another part of speech. This word comes from verb in the form of action or state of being. Its function is to explain noun ("kata benda") where its position is always near the noun. Verbal is used in noun phrases and reduced adjective clause.
Present participle is used on active voice - reduced adjective clause, while past participle is on passive voice - reduced adjective clause. In the active voice - reduced adjective clause, the relative pronoun and verb "to be" and / or other auxiliary verbs (if any) are deleted and added -ing to the active verb (if not in the form of continuous tense) to form a present participle (phrase); whereas for passive voice - reduced adjective clause, the relative pronoun and verb "to be" / or other auxiliary verbs (if any) are deleted, and added before the past participle (if the adjective clause is continuous tense).
Example Present participle :
Noun phrase : the disturbing picture.
Reduced adjective clause (active voice) : the girl reading in the corner is my classmate; the adjective clause is the girl who is reading in the corner is my classmate.
Example Past participle :
Noun phrase : the broken glasses.
Reduced adjective clause (passive voice) : the girl being advised is my cousin; the adjective clause is the girl who is being advised is my cousin.
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